The biodegradable polymer Polyglycolic Acid (PGA) has gained prominence for its excellent mechanical strength, high crystallinity and rapid degradation in physiological environments, making it ideal for applications where temporary structural support and subsequent resorption are desired. Its aliphatic polyester backbone facilitates hydrolytic breakdown into glycolic acid, allowing the material to act as a biodegradable thermoplastic resin that can be processed into fibers, films, scaffolds or molded devices and then safely degrade without leaving long-term residues. PGA’s high modulus and tensile strength lend it utility in biomedical domains such as absorbable sutures, implantable devices, tissue engineering scaffolds and controlled drug-delivery carriers because it provides mechanical integrity initially, followed by gradual loss of structure as the body heals and the polymer is absorbed. Beyond medical applications, emerging interest in packaging and high-barrier films is expanding its role as a sustainable polymer solution, leveraging its rapid degradability and excellent barrier properties. Despite challenges such as brittleness, relatively high cost, and sensitive processing conditions due to its high crystallinity and melting point, the material’s unique combination of biodegradability, biocompatibility and performance continues to drive innovation in both medical and sustainable materials sectors.