Insulin types are broadly classified on the speed with which they take effect and how long they last. Each type is used in a specific circumstance, and to understand which one to use, it is necessary to understand the necessity of insulin.

Insulin is a hormone produced inside beta cells that are situated in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. When you consume food, there is a rise in blood sugar, which triggers a release of insulin.

The beta cells actually produce a molecule known as proinsulin, this has two constituents: C-peptide and insulin. C-peptide volume tells us how much insulin a person is producing. This is very important in deciding treatment and prescribing insulin dose.

Sometimes the pancreas does not produce any—or very little—insulin, this condition is called Type 1 Diabetes. In such cases, the patient needs externally administered insulin shots to be able to use glucose consumed in meals.

People with type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, do produce insulin, but their bodies are unable to use this insulin, due to a chronic condition called insulin resistance. Unlike Type 1 Diabetes, this condition can be managed and even reversed with proper diet-exercise-stress management. If left unmanaged, or inadequately managed, Type 2 Diabetes patients, too, require insulin shots.

Now, the body needs to be able to manage the glucose levels in the blood through the day and night, as well as during meals when there is a sudden overload of glucose.  Different types of insulin take care of these needs.

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